![]() How broad is universal coupling? In the last decade four 1-parameter families of massive spin-2 theories (contravariant, covariant, tetrad, and cotetrad of almost any density weights) have been derived using universal coupling. A massive variant was likewise derived in the late 1960s by Freund, Maheshwari and Schonberg, and thought to be unique. Furthermore, I criticize the claims of some previous philosophy papers on observational equivalence.Įinstein’s equations were derived for a free massless spin-2 field using universal coupling in the 1950–1970s by various authors total stress–energy including gravity’s served as a source for linear free field equations. All these results show that measure-theoretic deterministic systems and stochastic processes are observationally equivalent more often than one might perhaps expect. By proving results in ergodic theory, I show that also this guess is misguided: there are several deterministic systems used in science which give the same predictions at every observation level as Markov processes. Despite this, one might guess that measure-theoretic deterministic systems used in science cannot give the same predictions at every observation level as stochastic processes used in science. I argue that this is not so because deterministic systems used in science even give rise to Bernoulli processes. Still, one might guess that the measure-theoretic deterministic systems which are observationally equivalent to stochastic processes used in science do not include any deterministic systems used in science. Conversely, I show that for all stochastic processes there is a measure-theoretic deterministic system which is observationally equivalent to the stochastic process. I first show that for many measure-theoretic deterministic systems there is a stochastic process which is observationally equivalent to the deterministic system. The central question of this paper is: are deterministic and indeterministic descriptions observationally equivalent in the sense that they give the same predictions? I tackle this question for measure-theoretic deterministic systems and stochastic processes, both of which are ubiquitous in science. I describe, however, some important conceptual obstacles that must yet be overcome if the project of establishing information causality as a foundational principle of nature is to succeed. I then argue that a compelling way to motivate information causality is to in turn consider it as a further generalisation of the Einsteinian principle that is appropriate for a theory of communication. In particular I first describe an argument, due to Demopoulos, to the effect that the so-called ‘no-signalling’ condition can be viewed as a generalisation of Einstein's principle that is appropriate for an irreducibly statistical theory such as quantum mechanics. ![]() ![]() And I propose that a compelling way of so doing is to understand it as a generalisation of Einstein's principle of the mutually independent existence-the ‘being-thus’-of spatially distant things. Thus in this paper I consider whether some way might be found to successfully motivate the principle. The motivations that have so far been given are, as I argue, either unsatisfactorily vague or appeal to little if anything more than intuition. To date, however, it has not been sufficiently motivated to play such a foundational role. OL19816937W Page_number_confidence 92.12 Pages 294 Partner Innodata Pdf_module_version 0.0.20 Ppi 360 Rcs_key 24143 Republisher_date 20221012102451 Republisher_operator Republisher_time 132 Scandate 20221006055535 Scanner Scanningcenter cebu Scribe3_search_catalog isbn Scribe3_search_id 9027722412 Tts_version 5.The principle of ‘information causality’ can be used to derive an upper bound-known as the ‘Tsirelson bound’-on the strength of quantum mechanical correlations, and has been conjectured to be a foundational principle of nature. Access-restricted-item true Addeddate 07:11:44 Autocrop_version 0.0.14_books-20220331-0.2 Bookplateleaf 0008 Boxid IA40734915 Camera USB PTP Class Camera Collection_set printdisabled External-identifier
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